NF工藝采用煉化企業(yè)的副產(chǎn)品—碳四(簡稱C4)裂解氣來生產(chǎn)富苯混芳和貧苯混芳,同時聯(lián)產(chǎn)粗丙烷或粗丁烷,在生產(chǎn)富苯混芳時還副產(chǎn)富氫干氣。富苯混芳通過抽提可以得到優(yōu)級純苯、優(yōu)級甲苯和混合二甲苯等化工原料;貧苯混芳適合于作歐IV歐V汽油的調(diào)和組分,其辛烷值可達97且基本不含硫,在市場上很暢銷。聯(lián)產(chǎn)品粗丙烷可作為丙烯原料或用于調(diào)制車用液化氣;粗丁烷可用于生產(chǎn)乙烯、丙烯和異丁烯等低碳烯烴;富氫干氣可用于制氫、蒸汽裂解制乙烯或作為燃料氣、城市煤氣使用。總之,NF碳四芳烴構(gòu)化技術(shù)是一種能夠大規(guī)模利用碳四裂解氣副產(chǎn)資源的重要工藝,它與煉化企業(yè)相容性好,技術(shù)先進成熟,擁有自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán),產(chǎn)品增值性高,具有良好的應(yīng)用前景。
2.現(xiàn)場工藝介紹
本廠主要使用混和碳四(丁烯丁烷)做原料生產(chǎn)富苯混芳(BTX)和使用混和碳四中丁烯經(jīng)過低溫芳烴構(gòu)化生產(chǎn)貧苯混芳(高辛烷值清潔汽油調(diào)和組分),其工藝流程主要有:加熱-高溫芳烴構(gòu)化反應(yīng)-吸收副產(chǎn)物-分離。主要流程如下圖所示:
主要原材料C4存在于油田氣、濕天然氣和裂化氣中,如石油化工輕油裂解制乙烯裝置中,聯(lián)產(chǎn)的碳四烴,約為乙烯產(chǎn)量的40%;石油煉廠催化裂化裝置所產(chǎn)的碳四烴,約占裝置處理量的6%,經(jīng)分離可得碳四。其分離獲得過程如下圖所示:
原料氣經(jīng)分離-壓縮-脫水-過濾-增壓-冷卻-脫乙烷最后得到穩(wěn)定高純度的液態(tài)輕烴-混合碳四,作為生產(chǎn)最終產(chǎn)品--苯、甲苯、BTX和高辛烷值清潔汽油調(diào)和添加劑的主要原料。
3.主要設(shè)備和裝置
主要裝置和設(shè)備由反應(yīng)、分離、吸收、換熱和化學(xué)處理等部分組成。主要設(shè)備有:一、二級分離裝置、過濾、增壓裝置、換熱器、脫水器、膨脹器、加熱爐、烴構(gòu)化反應(yīng)器等。裝置主要配套設(shè)施有:產(chǎn)品罐、吸收塔、涼水塔、循環(huán)冷卻水泵及其它公用工程、控制和運輸配套設(shè)施等。
4. 原料氣壓縮機的變頻調(diào)速
原料氣(本廠主要使用C4裂解氣),常溫下為氣態(tài),要分離提取得到液態(tài)和100%高純度的C4混合物必須將氣態(tài)的原料通過壓縮機壓縮為高溫液態(tài)再經(jīng)過冷卻才能達到分離提純的條件。該廠處理量10萬噸/年的碳四氫芳烴構(gòu)化工業(yè)裝置中原料氣壓縮機配套電機參數(shù)如下:configuration
The PLC selects cpu1214 of s71200 series; Siemens G110 series frequency converters with 0.4KW and 0.75KW are selected as frequency converters. See Figure 2 jpg
The two frequency converters respectively control the speed of the cutter and the paper feeding motor to meet the requirements of different packaging speed and bag length. PLC controls two frequency converters through analog quantity. The biggest difficulty of the program lies in the calculation of data. The program operation method of this machine is discussed below.
Firstly, the output speed of the frequency converter is divided into the analog value of 999-999 in the program to control the speed of the film. Because the speed ratio between the position of the cutter encoder and the position of the cutter is 2:1, the cutter can cut a package every 180 degrees. Therefore, when the encoder rotates for one cycle, it is equivalent to the cutter cutting once. The number of packages per minute is equal to the number of times the cutter cuts per minute and the number of turns the encoder rotates per minute. Therefore, it is assumed that the ratio of